Digitization and convergence of music industry

Traditional record industry business model Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Graham Vickery note that the relationship between the artist and the record company is usually contractual which normally last for a limited period of time or number of records depending on the specification of the contract.1 Record companies converts the artistic creation into consumer products alongside investing in artists to expand and market their works.2 Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Digitization and convergence of music industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A record industry can be said to be doing extremely good if one in ten of the total artist investment in turn out profitable. Noteworthy, most artist often never sell enough to recover the incurred overall cost. Record companies sponsor novice artists from profits, catalogues sales and new releases. Artist must achieve a specified number of copies sold to break even. The customar y recording industry revenue is collected from recordings while the turnover from T-shirt sales, concerts and so forth, normally grow to the artist. Once a music piece has become popular, the music industry package industry in diverse bundles to sell the same consumer the same piece multiple times.1 In times of increasing revenue from sponsorship, merchandised, live touring and declining sales of CDs the industry has experience a shrinking share in the general 1Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Graham Vickery, ‘Digital Broadband Content: Music’, Working Party on the Information Economy: Directorate for science, technology and industry committee for information, computer and communications policy, 2004, p. 39. 2Barney Wragg, Vice President, eLabs, Universal Music International (UMI) and Ms. Sara John, Government Affairs Head, EMI Music during the OECD Digital Broadband Content Panel (OECD, 2004b).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More music revenue. With regard to declining CD sale, the negative outcome of the changing record label approach on the artist’s returns had to be revisited in terms of digital music sales also which may shift artists’ returns. 1 Digital rights management (DRM) Effective DRM technologies have been embraced as the business enablers has for the digital delivery of music as well as for the numerous business models that meet the consumers expectations. In spite of their drawbacks, they may be a significant technical device for protecting the IPRs and have potential of becoming persistent across the overall digital distribution chain. Through their capacity to secure content, they may motivate the content rightholders to avail content for digitization and ensuing digital sales. By virtue of their ability to offer diverse access schemes to content the, DRMs may afford content aids that are conform to consumer needs including the right to buy time-limited admittance to songs and thereby increasing consumers choice and expectation. Many problems are associated with DRMs. To begin with the key problems with DRM’s appear to have had difficulty in curbing unauthorized access. DRM programmes and technologies should be substantially robust to guarantee the protection of digital content to piracy. Means of harnessing technology to secure intellectual property have been developed and have taken effect. 3European Commission, ‘communication on The Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Internal Market’. To address this issue, various governments have pledge to develop a sufficient legal protection and useful legal solutions against the circumvention of technological security interventions such as DRMs. These lawful protections are prerequisite for DRMs to function as expected. 1 Second, the expanding adaption of DRM technologies has posed question that the latter may potentially rest rict usage rights. Indeed this concern has become a policy basis presumably for consumer association and is apparent in relevant forums. Based on some academics, limits place to private copies can turn out bothersome when they swing the equilibrium between the expectations of copyright holders as well as the public.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Digitization and convergence of music industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More DRMs have seldom been known to block legitimate access of content and services, unlike the CD-Rom copy-protection technologies. Nevertheless, designers of DRM, users of DRM-protected product must be equally concerned to ensure suitable usage rights, and players in the market adapting DRM, transparency, privacy, and ease reliability of access.1 Bibliography European Commission, ‘communication on The Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Internal Market’, 2004, pp. 1 1 Wragg B, John S, ‘EMI Music during the OECD Digital Broadband Content Panel’ (OECD, 2004b). Wunsch-Vincent, S Vickery G, ‘Digital Broadband Content: Music’, Working Party on the Information Economy, Directorate for science, technology and  industry committee for information, computer and communications policy, 2004, p. 39. This essay on Digitization and convergence of music industry was written and submitted by user DannyRand to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Facism And Effects

Fascism is a form of counter-revolutionary politics that first arose in the early part of the twentieth-century in Europe. It was a response to the rapid social upheaval, the devastation of World War I, and the Bolshevik Revolution. Fascism is a philosophy or a system of government the advocates or exercises a dictatorship of the extreme right, typically through the merging of state and business leadership, together with an ideology of aggressive nationalism. Celebrating the nation or the race as an organic community surpassing all other loyalties. This right-wing philosophy will even advocate violent action to maintain this loyalty, which is held in such high regards. Fascism approaches politics in two central areas, populist and elitist. Populist in that it seeks to activate "the people" as a whole against perceived oppressors or enemies and to create a nation of unity. The elitist approach treats as putting the people’s will on one select group, or most often one supreme leader called El Duce, from whom all power proceeds downward. The two most recognized names that go along with Fascism are Italy’s Benito Mussolini and Germany’s Adolf Hitler. The philosophy of Fascism can be traced to the philosophers who argue that the will is prior to and superior to the intellect or reason. George Sorel, Friedrich Nietzsche, and George Hegal are main philosophers whose beliefs and ideologies greatly influenced the shaping of Fascist theory. Sorel (1847-1922) was a French social philosopher who had a major influence on Mussolini. Sorel believed that societies naturally became decadent and disorganized. This decay could only be slowed by the leadership of idealists who were willing to use violence to obtain power. Nietzsche (1844-1900) theorized that there were two moral codes: the ruling class (master morality) and the oppressed class (slave morality). Nietzsche believed the ancient empires were developed from the master majority and t... Free Essays on Facism And Effects Free Essays on Facism And Effects Fascism is a form of counter-revolutionary politics that first arose in the early part of the twentieth-century in Europe. It was a response to the rapid social upheaval, the devastation of World War I, and the Bolshevik Revolution. Fascism is a philosophy or a system of government the advocates or exercises a dictatorship of the extreme right, typically through the merging of state and business leadership, together with an ideology of aggressive nationalism. Celebrating the nation or the race as an organic community surpassing all other loyalties. This right-wing philosophy will even advocate violent action to maintain this loyalty, which is held in such high regards. Fascism approaches politics in two central areas, populist and elitist. Populist in that it seeks to activate "the people" as a whole against perceived oppressors or enemies and to create a nation of unity. The elitist approach treats as putting the people’s will on one select group, or most often one supreme leader called El Duce, from whom all power proceeds downward. The two most recognized names that go along with Fascism are Italy’s Benito Mussolini and Germany’s Adolf Hitler. The philosophy of Fascism can be traced to the philosophers who argue that the will is prior to and superior to the intellect or reason. George Sorel, Friedrich Nietzsche, and George Hegal are main philosophers whose beliefs and ideologies greatly influenced the shaping of Fascist theory. Sorel (1847-1922) was a French social philosopher who had a major influence on Mussolini. Sorel believed that societies naturally became decadent and disorganized. This decay could only be slowed by the leadership of idealists who were willing to use violence to obtain power. Nietzsche (1844-1900) theorized that there were two moral codes: the ruling class (master morality) and the oppressed class (slave morality). Nietzsche believed the ancient empires were developed from the master majority and t...

Choose a half dozen or so theories that you have studied as a Term Paper

Choose a half dozen or so theories that you have studied as a psychology student. Describe how these theories differ from one another, or how they are similar to one another - Term Paper Example I came to know that my understanding and knowledge of those theories was not the only one. There are some different aspects of those theories, which I never came across. I came to know that how their relativity and grouping are irrelevant and how some of them are astonishingly interrelated. Some of those theories, which made me a victim of cognitive dissonance, are given below. I will start with some basic theories. Classical conditioning and Operant Conditioning falls under the same group of theories. It is obvious that they are similar that’s why they belong to the same group. But if we take a closer look, we will find that they have little in common. Although apparently they look same. Classical conditioning deals with stimulus evoking a reaction. Operant conditioning on the other hand deals with improving of discourage a behavior. When I take a look at these two theories under the light of Aristotle’s four causes, I found that they very differently answer the causes. For example the final cause of classical conditioning is to evoke a reaction or response to a stimulus. This reaction will most probably out of control of the subject. On the other hand operant conditioning encourages a subject to exhibit a certain behavior to have reword or to stay away from the punishment. Now this encouragement to exhibit certain type of behavior is entire ly in the control of the subject. Subject might chose to act otherwise. These theories are again different in answering efficient cause. In classical conditioning the efficient cause is a stimulus, an event or a thing that evokes a reaction. On the other hand operant conditioning answer efficient cause with a reward or punishment. A reward cannot evoke a reaction. These two theories have little in common in formal cause. Both theories share behavior including physical action, but again a reaction is not deliberate. On the other hand a behavior for a reward will be deliberate. They might have something in

Animals for testing the safety of products Research Paper

Animals for testing the safety of products - Research Paper Example An example of Merck, otherwise known as MSD in areas other than USA and Canada, which is a healthcare company known for its research-driven work in pharmaceuticals. Merck came up with a painkiller known as Vioxx and had it approved by the Food and Drugs Administration (F.D.A) basing their approval on clinical trials carried out on animals that indicated the drug was safe. This was despite the fact that previous trials had shown that the drug increased the possibility of heart ailments. The drug was intended for painful menstrual cramps, acute pain and osteoarthritis and in the five year period that it was available, it was responsible for 88,000 to 139,000 heart attacks. This was later explained by the fact that common conditions affecting humans such as diabetes, hypertension and heart ailments are not common with animals. What researchers such as Merck do is simulate these conditions in animals ("Animal Testing Not Reliable† 19).   Opponents of product testing on animals ha ve raised issue with the fact that there are alternatives to animals for the purposes of testing and experimentations. For example, in vitro models that are available commercially and can be reconstructed in three-dimension have been identified as being alternative to animals for toxicology tests in biomedical research. These models are adoptable where tests are carried out to find out the safety of drugs on human organs especially since three-dimension models make it possible to have internal organ models.... This was despite the fact that previous trials had shown that the drug increased the possibility of heart ailments. The drug was intended for painful menstrual cramps, acute pain and osteoarthritis and in the five year period that it was available, it was responsible for 88,000 to 139,000 heart attacks. This was later explained by the fact that common conditions affecting humans such as diabetes, hypertension and heart ailments are not common with animals. What researchers such as Merck do is simulate these conditions in animals ("Animal Testing Not Reliable† 19). Opponents of product testing on animals have raised issue with the fact that there are alternatives to animals for the purposes of testing and experimentations. For example, in vitro models that are available commercially and can be reconstructed in three-dimension have been identified as being alternative to animals for toxicology tests in biomedical research. These models are adoptable where tests are carried out to find out the safety of drugs on human organs especially since three-dimension models make it possible to have internal organ models (Liebsch et al 842-843). There are in vitro tests as well that can be used in place of the Draize test used to measure irritability where one of these tests is applicable to a number of toiletries and cosmetics where the test product is put in with a synthetic fusion that replicates the human eye specifically the living cornea. Following a matching of color gradations, potential irritability is scored and this signifies molecular effects on the tissue (Beatrice 28). Additionally, the deontological view holds that animal interests similar to human interests are not subject to moral weighing.

Creating and Sustaining an Organisational Learning Culture Essay

Creating and Sustaining an Organisational Learning Culture - Essay Example One such company is the centre of this paper. Look Ahead Housing and Care is a charitable housing association that offers specialist housing, care and support. It was first established in 1973 by Mary Jones and a group of concerned individuals. Jones was a retired senior civil servant from the Department of Health and Social Services. Jones and the group envisioned a company that would provide good quality and cheap accommodations for the needy and most vulnerable in the society. From a humble beginning of its first property acquisition in 1974, Look Ahead is now able to support 5000 people across more than 60 projects. The company owns a several properties that provide different types of accommodations. These include hostels for single homeless people, registered care homes, flats and studio-type accommodations for families with support needs. Customers receive support though guidance regarding benefits, budgeting, training, employment, education and general life skills to equip them live their lives fully and become independent contributors to the society. The annual income of the company is in excess of 29.5 million. Currently, Look Ahead employs around 600 staff providing service and care. In 2008, the company was recognised in the prestigious Sunday Times as part of the "100 Best Companies to Work For." It has made the company proud as an employer of choice. It is an achievement that acknowledges the passion and commitment of the company in delivering first-rate service to the society and to employees. Through the dedication, commitment and hard work of management and staff, Look Ahead Housing and Care has developed to become a leading housing and social care provider to vulnerable people in London and the South East. Strategic Objectives Look Ahead's mission is to enable those with particular needs to live ordinary lives within the community. They aim to become enablers of vulnerable people through positive transformation of their lives, and empowerment of individuals in order for them to become active participants in the community. In order to achieve the organisation's goals, Look Ahead has established several strategic objectives in the whole organisation. As a member of the charity-service sector, their first objective is to promote customer involvement, choice and citizenship. This can be achieved through supporting and enabling customers to participate in a wide range of involvement activities; using feedback mechanisms from customer survey to improve services; and implementation of a social inclusion strategy. As part of the community, their second objective is to build and maintain strong partnership. This can be attained by raising and strengthening the company's relationship with purchasers, funders and the local community. Mapping the stakeholders' relationships with the company across all services is made possible by means of local business plans, specialist forum and borough liaison meetings. As an organisation, their third objective is to achieve growth through excellence. The company aims to meet or exceed targets for new business growth and design innovative services. The company also prioritise seeking opportunities for service expansion while delivering efficiency gains. They also commit to deliver ongoing improvements in service quality and performance. As an employer, the fourth objective of Look Ahead is to enable staff to excel in their roles. The

Past And Present Challenges Facing Wardens Criminology Essay

Past And Present Challenges Facing Wardens Criminology Essay Wardens are responsible for the organization and operation of prisons. To accomplish this, prison wardens are usually assisted by several deputy wardens, typically one each for management, custody, industry, and treatment programs. One of the main goals for them is to promote public safety and to insure the safety of inmates and staff inside. However, wardens also tend to face outward in their daily duties, dealing with politicians, administrators in the central office of corrections, the media, and interest groups (Allen, Latessa, Ponde, 2010). A complex job, wardens are trained both as correctional officers and administrators. George A. Neotti is the warden at Donovan State Prison in San Diego, California. He is responsible for 4,400 inmates and 1,700 staff. Mr. Neotti claims that disciplining employees and making them do what must be done to enforce the prisons rules is one of the biggest challenges in his position. Another challenge is budget cuts. Since we all know prisons are p aid with the public funds, and Neotti has to use these funds appropriately and responsibly to operate the prison. Unfortunately because of budget cuts, many prison programs have been significantly decreased or have totally disappeared. Among these are substance abuse programs, educational programs, and vocational programs. Neotti has faced in the past and is currently facing many lawsuits against him by inmates, he challenges threats among inmates and employees at the prison. He also deals with contraband such as drugs and cell phones. He said that heroin, cocaine, meth contraband is often smuggled in by mail or visitors, volunteers or even employees, often through the rectum. This really jeopardizes the employees safety, for prisons can be quite violent. Another big and complicated challenge is the overcrowding of prisons. Even though many new prisons have been built throughout the nation during the past 20 years to accommodate the growing number of inmates, prison overcrowding is still very much a reality in many jurisdictions. Some of the most crowded prisons are those in federal system, which recently stood at 34% over capacity (Schmalleger, 2010). To fix this problem, lawmakers across the nation are trying to save money with a drastic potentially dangerous budget-cutting proposal releasing tens of thousands of convicts from prison. Among these inmates include drug addicts, thieves, and even violent criminals (Schamalleger, 2010). If officials acknowledge that the idea carries risks, then why are they doing this? Do they not have any other choice? They must find a better way to manage the overcrowding in prisons instead of just releasing them. The appropriate sentence or punishment has to be equally proportionate with the crime c ommitted, but if punishment is the intentional infliction of pain on a person that is convicted of a crime, what is the appropriate punishment for a criminal behavior? There are several types of punishment in criminal law. A guilty defendant is punished by either period of incarceration in a jail or prison, a fine paid to the government, or in exceptional cases, life in prison or even death penalty. Crimes are divided into two broad classes: Felonies that have a maximum possible sentence of more than one year incarceration, and Misdemeanors that have a maximum possible sentence of less than one year incarceration. Defendant can be found guilty or not guilty. The purpose of in criminal punishment has divided into two schools that have battled for five centuries Retribution and Prevention (Samaha, 2008). Wardens and administrators will continue to face many challenges among jails and prisons until they find a solution for a better life among inmates, employees and volunteers members. Correctional Officers In the past, staff members were called guards. Today, if we call correctional officers guards, it is more likely to offend them. According to Allen at al. (2010) Correctional Officers represent women and men charged with control, movement management, and observation of the inmates in jails and prisons of America, they also found that by 2007, more than 250,000 uniformed custody staff members were working in state, federal, and local adult prisons in America. Harold Lilly, who worked for the North Carolina Department of correction from 1950-1986, stated that in his early career, prisoners used to work on the roads, ate and slept, and that was it. There was no classification, no rehabilitation; there was a state law that every prisoner must work preferably on the highways and thats what they did. He also mentioned that todays correctional facilities are complex because among other things they provide substance abuse treatment, medical services, job training, education and other rehabil itative programs. He concluded that in this complex environment, correctional officers who play a critical role in the safe and secure operation of todays correctional facilities have replaced the old guards. In the past, correctional officers did little documentation. For example, if they locked and inmate up, they reported it verbally to the captain on duty. They did not write reports. Harold (2005) said that in old days, you had what you referred to as a guidebook. Today correctional officers must follow standards, policies and bureaucratic regulations and obligations for corrections staff members. If correctional officers use force today, they have to do an official report with videotapes and corroborating evidence along with it. The training programs are more drastic than before even that this career does not require a degree, correctional instructors should explain the mission of the training, which is to protect the state from further inmate litigation, and they should inform their students that future responsibility for courtroom resolutions rests with corrections personnel (Allen at el. 2010). In my opinion Correctional Officers must obtain a higher education than just high school or a GED. Having a degree in sociology or criminal justice helps to obtain positive values and understand the meaning of this position leading to accomplish the goal, but the state must increase the salary to encourage people to pursue this career but because the cost for training programs are very expensive, and also correctional officers with a lack of education or knowledge tend to resign this position within a year or two, this salary will continue to be very low. Correctional officers are the ones that interact with inmates 24 hours a day, and an increase of violence, due in part to a rise in prison gangs, put many officers in the trenches or our nations prisons; prison violence, crime, and drug trafficking are ways of life for most inmates in high-custody prisons (Allen at el. 2010). According to Beck T. (2005) in the old days, a guard told a prisoner what he wanted him to do and that was that. Today, a correctional officer must be able to understand and enforce a complex system of rules and regulations. Beck also stated that in the old days, a guard might inflict corporal punishment if an inmate disobeyed an order. Today, an officer must be able to diffuse potentially dangerous situations without the use of force. Beck concluded that in the old days, guards orally reported the days happenings to the next shift. Today, an officer must document significant incidents in a specialized computer database. Punishments and Remedies To make punishment efficacious, two things are necessary. First, they must never be disproportioned to the offense. And second, they must be certain. The differences between civil law and criminal laws are as follow: Criminal Law: Those found guilty of violating the criminal law are punished. Retribution: the oldest justification for punishment is to satisfy peoples need for retribution that is an act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime. Prevention: looks forward and inflicts pain to prevent future crimes. There are four kinds of prevention. General Deterrence: a goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to prevent others from committing crimes similar to the one for which a particular offender is being sentenced by making an example of the person sentenced. Special Deterrence: a goal of criminal sentencing that seeks to inhibit criminal behavior through the fear of punishment. Incapacitation: prevents convicted criminals from committing future crimes by locking them up, or more rarely, by altering them surgically or executing them. Rehabilitation: the attempt to reform a criminal offender. Rehabilitation Seeks to bring about fundamental changes in offenders and their behavior (Schmalleger, 2010).

Essay --

In today’s society, no individual is free from discrimination. Discrimination can be defined as looking down on an individual or group because of sex, race, nationality or certain personality characters. Race, gender, disability, sex, age, religion, national origin, color, and marital status are the main features work place discrimination. It can also happen with regards to the terms and conditions of work for example salary, work hours, paid leave, promotions, work security and industrial health and safety. Workplace discrimination can be seen in all ranks of job and is it extremely expensive to businesses. Most corporations do not support this act because it is considered to be damaging and promotes disparities. According to (craig 2007), billions of dollars goes wasted annually because of work place discrimination or harassment. Work place discrimination can happen based on some features which are fairly different from workers performance. The damaging effect of this conduc t can be high as it decreases job performance, productivity and exposes the organization to costly lawsuit. However, businesses that places more importance on equal opportunities in the work place are tactically competitive than those that are discriminative. According (Craig, R 2007), businesses that are said to be discriminative are in a competitive disadvantages because discrimination disregard all eligible workers who are skillful of contributing to the overall purpose of the business. Appropriate ethics policies related to nondiscrimination issues There are a large number of well-established policies associated to work place discrimination. These policies prohibit any form of discriminatory practices. Businesses are obliged to obey where policies against... ...resented. Implementation steps for these policies All corporations requesting to build a workplace atmosphere in which discriminatory conduct are not accepted can take several steps towards the reaching of this objective. Policies of all organisations should clearly stipulate rules against all forms of discrimination. Equal opportunity statement must be clearly stated and should protect any employee who raises concerns of discrimination. The prevention of discrimination conduct must be part of the service contract of all workers. The prevention of discrimination conduct must be incorporated in the service agreement. Corporations must educate its employees on the importance of all forms of discrimination and frequently prompt them about the consequences of it. There should also be numerous avenues in which complaints about discrimination can be addressed or handled.

SAP APPEAL

My attention and time were constantly strained by all of the extensive materials required by the courts in this case. Moreover the date of my trial was changed several times dragging through this past summer and all of this is behind me now. Am looking forward to starting college again and experiencing some positive growth in my life and career, ND to also set a good example for my daughter as I am a single parent trying to make a difference.My desired outcome of my financial aid appeal is to be approved which means to have another chance at finishing college because if don't get this chance again I know for a fact that I will never finish college, as work a minimum wage job and have a child to take care of, and I want to better our life. I understand will be put on financial aid probation. I feel very nonevent that I am able to continue my coursework and improve my academic progress.I intend to register and repeat the coursework in the classes that failed. I will also use the assign ment planner to help me stay on track. Am enclosing a part of my divorce decree showing when we got separated and when moved out DCE 201 2 but we were having problems way before that, and my daughters surgery follow up appointment date. Appreciate you time, understanding, and consideration of this request. Thank you in advance.

Free Hero Essay Example Epic Hero vs Tragic Hero

Free Hero Essay Example Epic Hero vs Tragic Hero Hero Essay Example (Tragic Hero vs Epic Hero) Hero Essay Example (Tragic Hero vs Epic Hero) The characters in Homers The Odyssey and Sophocles Oedipus the King represent certain characteristics identified by the authors. These characteristics help form opinions that the audience relies on to reflect upon a poem or play. They help understand the nature of the characters. The characteristics the authors suggest are aimed at making the reader have a subjective understanding of a particular work. The writers often portray these features through the characters actions, through what they say and what others say about them. Both Oedipus and Odysseus have lived in different time periods. While The Odyssey was written in 850-750 BC, Oedipus the King was written in 496-406 BC. The epic poems were written in different cities. The Odyssey features an adventurous story while Oedipus the King is a tragic story. This paper will compare and contrast Oedipus and Odysseus as characters. In Homers The Odyssey and Sophocles Oedipus the King, the authors describe what other people say of the main characters, revealing their emotions and attitudes, as well as what the heroes say about themselves and their surroundings. What they say is important; their words reveal the heroes true self. When other characters speak about a certain hero, they may mask or distort their sincere thoughts. A characters speech, however calculated or controlled, is likely to show character attributes and flaws. Strict narration frequently polarizes a character, sometimes giving them defining characteristics such as good or evil, black or white, and so on. Both Oedipus and Odysseus are kings who rule kingdoms in cities of Greece. In Homers The Odyssey, Odysseus was an influential Greek champion, a trusted adviser and counselor during the Trojan War. He devised the famous stratagem: the Trojan Horse. Odysseus was cunning and intelligent; these features were often manifested by his use of deceptive speech and disguise. Both epic poems are similar in that they expose conflict in the beginning. In The Odyssey, the main character has been in captivity under the nymph Calypso for twenty years. The author portrays him as a strong man, since he fought against the city of Troy previously. In the meantime, his son and wife have been eagerly waiting for his return. Odysseus son Telemachus takes upon responsibility of protecting the family as he has to deal with suitorswho seek to marry his mother and squander his fathers wealth. Therefore, it is evident that Odysseus has a supportive and strong family. The unruly suitors who seek to marry Penelope believe that Odysseus has already died. Odysseus is a very patient man since he spends nine years to reach Ithaca after the Trojan War. The Thebes people beg Oedipus to determine the cause of the plague. The King swears to find the one responsible for the plague and kill him and his accomplices. By questioning everybody including his wife, the King shows that he is superstitious and cynical. He does not believe that the blind seer Tiresias is responsible for the plague, even when the latter tells so. Homer portrays the Kings cynicism in the event when Oedipus believes that Jocastas brother should be held accountable; the King believes that his brother is plotting to take the throne. Oedipus also accuses Tiresias of deceit and being a false prophet. He only solves the mystery of his birth when he realizes that his supposed father, King Polybus of Corinth, has died of natural causes. Both Odysseus and Oedipus are depicted as supermen because of their tenacious firmness. Oedipus is a regarded with appreciation and has a great reputation; he is trusted with the well-being and safety of the community. He is distinguished due to his determination. Both Homer and Sophocles portray crude habits in their heroes. Both Odysseus and Oedipus are controlled by their gods and play their roles accordingly. When returning from the Trojan War, Odysseus finds it hard to reach Ithaca; the God of the Sea, Poseidon, resents Odysseus and tests his fate by making him undergo torturous times. In The Odyssey, Zeus is in charge of everything including the search for Poseidon. Goddess Athena helps and guides the hero. She helps Odysseus to finish off a large number of suitors intending to marry Penelope. On the other hand, in Oedipus the King, it is certain that Oedipus will fail, as the prophecy was made a long-time ago. It stated that he would kill his father and marry his mother. Oedipus blames the god Apollo for what befalls him. The gods controlled the actions of every human with ease and made human beings appear completely dependent and controllable. Odysseus, as an epic hero, is a brave man who makes the right choices. For example, he fights for his community and makes good decisions for its members. Oedipus, as a tragic hero, is depicted as a huge failure who makes poor choices. For example, upon learning that he had committed incest with his mother, he condemns himself to roam in darkness for the rest of his life. He says: For me -/ never let this my fathers city have me/ living a dweller in it. Leave me live/ in the mountains where Cithaeron is, thats called/ my mountain, which my mother and father/ while they were living would have made my tomb./ So I may die by their decree who sought indeed to kill me. Oedipus and Odysseus are kings that have the ability to act in an emergency. They also react to peoples perceptions and needs. Oedipus is confident about his own abilities and understands that people respect him for that. He also has past achievements that boost peoples faith in him. Oedipus and Odysseus behave differently when crisis situations become more complicated. When they do, Oedipus does not adapt to new situations, attempt to learn or change. He is inflexible and is always determined to solve problems through his own terms. He believes that after accepting the responsibility of saving Thebes, nothing should compromise his determination. He expects nature to provide answers to him, and he imposes his will upon anyone and any event. He does not heed to the messages warning him to be cautious. Both Oedipus and Odysseus are portrayed as kings who have performed well in their respective communities. For example, Odysseus has fought for his community before, and Oedipus has solved the problem affecting Sphinx when its people asked him to help them. In the current plague, however, crops have been affected by blight, there are women delivering stillborns or dying after giving birth, and the cattle are becoming sick. As pointed earlier, both Oedipus and Odysseus receive much appreciation and reverence from their community members. The veneration that Odysseus receives from the community is evident in the episode where Zeusasks his daughter Athena to notify Odysseus family that Odysseus is alive. Oedipus was crowned king out of reverence for dealing with the Sphinx problem. Both Oedipus and Odysseus express responsibility. For example, Odysseus goes to fight in the Trojan War, and King Oedipus sends Creon, his brother-in-law, to the Oracle of Apollo to get answers so he can solve the citys plague. By showing responsibility and taking initiative, they become saviors to their communities. The families of Oedipus and Odysseus are strong and have values. Penelope, Odysseus wife, is faithful to him, and she does not remarry even she does not know about her husbands whereabouts. Jocasta, Oedipus wife, attempted to calm him down when he is furious from accusations of murder. Both kings are involved in dramatic twists. For example, in The Odyssey, the gods knew about Odysseus location and his future role, but he and Ithaca people did not. Oedipus subjects knew that he would fulfill the famous prediction and his people would suffer; he was perplexed about the incest and his fathers death. There are differences between the portrayal of Oedipus and Odysseus in terms of the progress of the conflict. Odysseus blinded Poseidons son and led to his capture and his familys suffering. Calypso kept Odysseus imprisoned because she desired to marry him. The suffering the people of Thebes went through was instigated by the actions of Oedipus; he killed his father and married his mother. Oedipus and Odysseus are involved in two stories that have completely dissimilar endings. While Odysseus works hard to return to his people, Oedipus is displaced from Thebes. Odysseus is portrayed as a very patient and strong character, while Oedipus is light-minded and acts rashly. The families of Oedipus and Odysseus are strong and have values. Oedipus and Odysseus are kings that have the ability to act in an emergency and show responsibility. Both are portrayed as kings who have done great things for their communities before. Both Odysseus and Oedipus play their roles and are controlled by their gods. Both kings pass torment. Oedipus is depicted as a failure and someone who makes poor choices. Towards the end of the story, Oedipus makes even more irrational decisions than in the beginning. Odysseus, on the other hand, remains steady and true to his character. While the two poems deal with the challenges faced by the two kings living in different time periods, they reveal that they both faced societal issues that are common to almost all men.

How Can Meditation Help You Boost Your Career

How Can Meditation Help You Boost Your Career There are a lot of benefits to meditation. It can help reduce stress and anxiety. It can put your mind into a state of relaxation and serenity. It’s also good way to start or end your day. But how can meditation help you boost your career? What are the professional benefits of meditation and how can it help you achieve professional goals and milestones? Take a look at this infographic by Crystal Heart Physics  for more information on how meditation can help you boost  your productivity and achieve your goals.

Catastrophism or Uniformitarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Catastrophism or Uniformitarism - Essay Example From this perspective, the general amount of resources that has been incorporated into geographical studies is quite huge. Researchers develop initial findings where developments continue to explain on a certain sequence. i) The two scientists, who came up with a new geographical phenomenon might as well not only cause unending controversy, but a consequent period of regret for all the involved professionals. Apparently, such kind of possible ideas that might have been neglected at the very start of the development of evolution theories would result into a whole new understanding of the earth. ii) Just as resources were allocated for the Georgian theory, so should necessary authorities address this upcoming idea; its strength, proof and influence might give a realistic approach to catastrophes. The possibility of craters that made an impact over 250 million years ago would result into a new definition on the aftermath that the then species experienced. It might be a sad situation for a majority of the geologists, consequent blame among themselves, for basing their ideas on one orientation without consideration for the contrary. iii) According to Rampino, the effects discussed could be due to a huge catastrophe as asteroids could have caused dust expulsion that would have resulted in loss sunlight and could have caused a drop of temperature and chilliness, which, in turn, could have led to extinction of life on Earth for a considerable period of time. However, numerous scientists argue that these mysterious changes could explain the gravitational pull in all circular geological structures and the entire underground. It is a difficult situation, not only for the two scientists fighting for their theory, but also to the geographical institutions globally. Earthquakes, volcanoes, batholiths, loppoliths, dykes, craters, plateaus, mountains among other geographical structures, might have a very

The 9th grade girls at Apopka High School are not comfortable with Research Proposal

The 9th grade girls at Apopka High School are not comfortable with their changing bodies. They feel unattractive and insecure an - Research Proposal Example Most importantly, some studies have shown that girls’ tend to develop positive character, including improved self-esteem and confidence, as a result of participating in sports (Scottish Executive, 2003; Strong et al., 2005). Brief overview of the plan The study will start with identification of the problem, then a review of the literature. Thereafter, a field study will be conducted in 10 schools, specifically involving 100 Fifth-Grade female Students. The researcher will ask both open-ended and closed-ended questions, which will help identify different factors that are associated with girl’s participation and lack of participation in sports. As such, the data that will be collected will be both qualitative and quantitative. The analysis of the quantitative data will rely on SPSS for analysis, with regression analysis and descriptive statistics being performed. Nvivo software will be used to categorize qualitative data, especially by identifying common themes. The resea rcher will use purposive sampling to identify the 10 schools and simple sampling in choosing the students that will participate. A purposeful sampling (also called judgmental sampling) is based on the fact the researcher is capable of selecting the schools that are effectively suited to meet the purpose of the study (Ritchie, Lewis, & Elam, 2003). The sample, though seemingly small, is a reasonable for the research purpose because most of the girls in different schools have many commonalities and hence no need to choose a very large sample. The program evaluation will take them form of check list filling, whereby the success of different goals will be identified. The achievement of the goals will be gauged by a rank art scale, which will be assigned 1-5 points for the purpose of quantification. Validity is important in assessing the accuracy and credibility of the data used in this study, which is also critical in ensuring that the results of a research are not biased. In other word s, validity will ensure that the study’s assessment and measurement process achieves the intended goal, or rather what is intended to be measured. To improve validity in this study, the researcher will uphold accuracy and credibility of information by selecting well-designed instruments. There are two types of validity, which according to Garson (2008) includes internal and external validity. The biases that are likely to affect the results of this study are the major threats to internal validity. Examples of such biases include subjectivity, researcher's biases, inflexible knowledge related to the theoretical framework and blind spots (Creswell, 2005). The research will be charged with the responsibility of reducing these biases in order to ensure validity of the study. According to Trochim (2006), external validity is related to the extent to which the results of the study can be generalized in other conditions. Since this study is faced with threats to external validity, i t cannot be generalized outside Atlanta area. Some of the reasons for lack of generalization to other areas include the fact that the demography of Atlanta area is different from other areas in the country. The research will use a triangulation technique to validate the results of the interviews. This will involve application of a number of data validation techniques such as backing up of the evidence from different individuals, using overlapping perspective and pieces of evidence, and authenticating information using several forms of